Over 16 billion login credentials have been compromised, researchers reported this week, in what they consider to be one of the largest incidents of its kind ever.

According to researchers at , who publicly announced this concerning figure this week as part of an ongoing investigation that commenced at the start of the year, the data within the exposed datasets “provides access to nearly any online service imaginable, from Apple, Facebook, and Google, to GitHub, Telegram, and various government platforms.”

“This is more than just a leak—it represents a blueprint for widespread exploitation,” researchers stated. “With over 16 billion login records exposed, cybercriminals now possess unparalleled access to personal credentials that can be utilized for account takeovers, identity theft, and precisely targeted phishing attacks.”

Here’s what to understand about the breach, and the advice experts are giving individuals to safeguard their personal information.

How to determine if you have been impacted?

Researchers indicated that “it’s impossible to ascertain how many individuals or accounts were truly exposed.”

They cautioned that some reports claiming that Facebook, Google, and Apple accounts were leaked are somewhat misleading. Bob Diachenko, one of the researchers, informed Cybernews that “there was no centralized data breach at any of these companies.” However, he added that some of the compromised credentials included login URLs for those sites, potentially granting access to accounts there.

Newsweek that, because the original source of most of the leaked datasets has not been confirmed at this time, it is challenging to identify whose passwords were affected.

Is a password change necessary?

Cybernews advised people to update their passwords as a precautionary measure, and also recommended that individuals change them regularly to protect themselves against potential future leaks.

The question of how frequently users should alter their passwords is a topic of some discussion. Some suggest that they should be changed regularly every few months, while others advise against modifying your password unless you suspect it has been affected by a data breach.

Strategies for creating a more robust password?

The Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency people several tips to strengthen their passwords: using a minimum of 16 characters; making them random strings of mixed-case letters, numbers, and symbols; and ensuring they are unique for each account.

Some technology experts have using passkeys rather than passwords due to their enhanced security.

Cybernews also suggests that users activate multi-factor authentication whenever it is available, as this makes logging into your account more secure. Individuals should also diligently monitor their accounts and, if they observe any suspicious or unusual activity, contact customer support, according to Cybernews.